Lower limb · Interactive 3D

Knee ligaments

The knee in flexion from the front with the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, the medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the menisci.

Interactive — drag to rotate

AI-assisted model. Labels checked against standard anatomy references; specialist review pending.

What to look at

1The ACL runs from the front of the tibial intercondylar area up and back to the inner (medial) wall of the lateral femoral condyle. It resists anterior translation and rotation of the tibia.
2The PCL runs from the back of the tibia up and forward to the inner (lateral) wall of the medial femoral condyle. It is the primary restraint to posterior translation.
3The medial collateral ligament is broad and blends with the capsule and medial meniscus; the lateral collateral ligament is a cord to the fibular head, separate from the lateral meniscus.
4The posterolateral corner (LCL, popliteus tendon and popliteofibular ligament) is often injured with the PCL; a missed PLC injury is a common cause of cruciate reconstruction failure.

Hotspots

1Anterior cruciate ligament — Tibial intercondylar area to the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle; anteromedial and posterolateral bundles.
2Posterior cruciate ligament — Posterior tibia to the lateral wall of the medial femoral condyle; about twice the strength of the ACL.
3Lateral collateral ligament — Lateral femoral epicondyle to the fibular head; part of the posterolateral corner.
4Medial collateral ligament — Superficial MCL inserts well below the joint on the tibia; the commonest knee ligament injury.
5Lateral meniscus — More mobile and more circular than the medial; not attached to the LCL.
6Medial meniscus — C-shaped and attached to the deep MCL, so less mobile and more often torn.
7Fibular head — Attachment of the LCL and biceps femoris; the common peroneal nerve winds round the fibular neck just below.

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